This essay reflects on the radical change in the meaning and role of economy in relation to processes of subjectification and to the social and political bond. The genealogy of the theological-economic paradigm, which accompanies the theological-political one, highlights how economy cannot be exhausted in economy strictly defined but rather fulfills the role of logic of government. On this path, the turn toward the bio-economic production of lives is marked by the marginalizing perspective that replaces the centrality of needs with desire (a mark of subjectivity) only so as then to rule desire through rational choice.